October 20, 2006

If $x>y>0$, show that

$\ln x^2-\ln y^2<\displaystyle\frac{x^2-y^2}{xy}$


Solution.  We can rewrite the desired inequality as

$\displaystyle\ln\left(\frac{x^2}{y^2}\right)<\frac{x}{y}-\frac{y}{x}$.

Let $f(t)=\ln(t^2)-t+(1/t)$. Then $f'(p)=(2/t)-1-(1/t^2) = \frac{2t-t^2-1}{t^2}=-\frac{(t-1)^2}{t^2}<0$, for $p>1$. Since $f(1)=0$, it follows that $f(p)<0$ when $p>1$. This implies the inequality.