October 10, 2007

The number 10 is a base for the positive integers because every positive integer can be written uniquely as
d_n 10^n + d_{n-1}10^{n-1} + \cdots + d_1\cdot 10 + d_0,

where each $d_i$ is one of the digits $0,1,2,\dots 9$. The number $-2$ is a base for all integers using the digits 0 or 1. For example $1101$ represents $-3$ since
1(-2)^3 + 1(-2)^2 + 0(-2) + 1 =-3.

Find the representation in base $-2$ for the decimal number $-2374$.


Solution. 
In base 10, we would normally find an expansion by dividing the number successively by 10 and recording the remainders. A similar algorithm works in base $-2$, bearing in mind that the remainders must be $0$ or $+1$. So
-2374_{(10)} = 101111001110_{(-2)}.